The Patent

Heart Carcinoid Disease with Patent Foramen Ovale Treated by Mini Sternotomy

This case report was an attempt to present the importance of diagnostic echocardiography and closure of a patent foramen ovale in carcinoid heart disease. Herein, we present a case of a 48-year-old woman with a carcinoid metastasis presenting with tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonic stenosis, patent foramen ovale, and borderline left ventricular ejection fraction on an echocardiogram. Surgical in...

A Comparative Study on Patent Attorney in the Islamic Republic of Iran and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

Identification of BKCa channel openers by molecular field alignment and patent data-driven analysis

In this work, we present the first comprehensive molecular field analysis of patent structures on how the chemical structure of drugs impacts the biological binding. This task was formulated as searching for drug structures to reveal shared effects of substitutions across a common scaffold and the chemical features that may be responsible. We used the SureChEMBL patent database, which prov...

analysis of contract law of commercial expectations in patent license

In this research, protection of commercial expectation has been examined. The main question is how we could identify and assess existence of commercial expectations. In response, commercial expectation are acquisition of expectable benefit in market, mass production, absence of technical failure in licensed knowledge and so on. Therefore, it is essential to response by analysis of contract law ...

Patent ductus arteriosus in a lamb: A case report

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a persistent patency of a vessel normally present in the fetus that connects the pulmonary arterial system to the aorta. The ductus arteriosus fails to close at birth when breathing commences and placental blood circulation is removed. Closure of the ductus arteriosus arises in response to decline pulmonary vascular resistance and increased systemic vascular re...

نقش ادعاهای اختراع در تعیین عرصه فنی حمایت شده توسط حق اختراع؛ «کنکاشی در زیست فناوری»

Patent claims determining the legal protection extent of an invention play an essential role in patent rights. Type and drafting of patent claims constitute indeed the important elements for determining legal protection extent of an invention on the one hand and enforcing patenee's exclusive right against competitors on the other hand. While different drafting or interpreting methods of pate...